Refuge: We live in an ocean of samsara whose depth and extent cannot be measured. We are troubled again and again by afflictions of lust and hatred. To what refuge should we go
then? In our childhood when we are in trouble we seek the
refuge of our parents. But our parents are themselves suffering
and are the victims of lust, hatred and delusion. They cannot
be the source of refuge. A source of refuge must completely
overcome all the defects forever i.e. it must be free of all faults.
Only the Buddha has extinguished all faults and gained all
the qualities and attainments.
Thus we take refuge in the Buddha. Since Dharma is the
unmistaken path leading to enlightenment, we take refuge
in Dharma which eliminates all our causes of suffering.
We take refuge in Sangha who supports and guides our
dharma practice. All Buddha images are representatives of
the Buddha, Scriptures are the representatives of Dharma,
Bhikshus and Bodhisattvas are the representatives of Sangha.
Taking refuge in Buddha, Dharma and Sangha is termed as
outer refuge.
The objects of inner refuge are Gurus, Istadevas and
Dakinis. And the secret refuge according to
Vajrayana tradition is to realize Dharmakaya, Sambhogakaya
and Nirmanakaya.
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